History of Basque
Introduction
Theories about the origin
Proto-basque expansion in Europe
Basque substratum of Proto-Celt
Basque-Caucasian
Basque-Armenian
Basque-Iberian
Franco-Cantabric
Basque-Berber
Basque as a language isolate
The Proto-Basque language
The Roman empire
Common Basque
Origin of the Basque dialects
Chronology of Basque
Celt, Arabic and German influences
Latin influence
The glosses of Saint Emilianus
The reasons for the Basque language regression
Lack of a recent state
Fragmentation of the territory
The discredit of Basque and migration
Revival and growth of Basque
Basque Literature
Euskal Herria
Euskal Herria
Euskadi
Euskadi
Álava
Guipúzcoa
Biscay
Navarre
Iparralde
Iparralde
Labourd
Lower Navarre
Soule
Basque Country: history
Introduction
Prehistory
Neolithic period
The Basque tribes
The Roman empire
Visigoths and Franks
The Duchy of Vasconia
Middle Ages
The Arabs and the Kingdom of Pamplona
The Kingdom of Pamplona
Álava, Guipúzcoa and Biscay in the centuries 8th-11th
The Kingdom of Pamplona-Nájera
Growth of the Kingdom of Pamplona-Nájera
Dismemberment of the Kingdom of Pamplona-Nájera
The Kingdom of Navarre
The Castilian conquest of Navarrese territories
The Basque foral system
Modern period
The Basques in the conquest of America
The Castilian conquest of the Kingdom of Navarre
Contemporary history
The Carlist Wars
The Basque nationalism
The industrialization
The Francoist regime
Democracy and Statutes of Autonomy
Political period: 1980-1990
Political period: 1990-2000
Political period: 2000-2010
Political period since 2010
Miscellany
Basque substratum of the Romance languages
Spanish
Gascon
Aragonese
Basque Mithology
Mari, the supreme goddess of the Basques
From the Basque-Roman polytheism to the religious unification
Basque concept of Genesis
Heaven and hell in the Basque religion
Evolution of the Basque religion into Christianity
Bibliography of the site
Index
The History of the Basque language begins on
the following page